How to read small Hiragana (Yōon) and (Sokuon)
Japanese Hiragana
How to read small Hiragana (Yōon) and (Sokuon)
A small Hiragana ,ya, yu or yo (ゃ, ゅ or ょ) is added at the ending of i-row (きki, しshi, ちchi, にni, ひhi, みmi , りri, ぎgi, じji, びbi, ぴpi)
This changes the i vowel sound to a glide (palatalization) to a, u or o, e.g. きゃ (ki + ya) /kya/. Small y kana is called yōon.
| ki き | kya きゃ | kyu きゅ | kyo きょ |
| shi し | sha しゃ | shu しゅ | sho しょ |
| chi ち | cha ちゃ | chu ちゅ | cho ちょ |
| ni に | nya にゃ | nyu にゅ | nyo にょ |
| hi ひ | hya ひゃ | hyu ひゅ | hyo ひょ |
| mi み | mya みゃ | myu みゅ | myo みょ |
| ri り | rya りゃ | ryu りゅ | ryo りょ |
| gi ぎ | gya ぎゃ | gyu ぎゅ | gyo ぎょ |
| ji じ | ja じゃ | ju じゅ | jo じょ |
| bi び | bya びゃ | byu びゅ | byo びょ |
| pa ぱ | pya ぴゃ | pyu ぴゅ | pyo ぴょ |
しshi +ゃ ya ⇒ しゃ sha
いしゃ⇒ isha (doctor)
かいしゃ ⇒ kaisha (company)
ひhi +ゃya ⇒ ひゃhya
ひゃく⇒ hyaku (hundred)
にni +ゅyu ⇒ にゅnyu ぎgi + ゅyu⇒ ぎゅ gyu
ぎゅうにゅう ⇒ gyuu nyuu (milk)
* double consonants… small つ“っ” called Sokuon.
きて⇒ kite ( please come)
きって⇒ kitte (stamp)
みっつ⇒ mittsu (three)
むっつ
* small circle “゜”called Handakuten (Handakuon)
は ha ⇒ ぱ pa ひ hi ⇒ ぴpi
いっぷん ⇒ ippun (one minute)
きっぷ ⇒ kippu (ticket)
はっぴょう⇒ happyo (announcement)
ぴpi + ょyo ⇒ ぴょpyo
