Japanese lessons (14) particles “ni” & “de”
Nihongo no JOSHI 「ni」 to 「de」 no tsukai-kata
How to use particles “ni” & “de.”
Nihon-go no joshi niwa “wa” “ga” “ni” “e” “to” “de” nado ga ari-masu. Joshi wa shokyuusha ni totte mottomo muzukashii bunpoo koomoku no hitotsu desu. kyoo wa kihonteki na “ni” to “de” toiu futatsu no joshi no tsukai-kata o benkyoo shimashoo!
にほんごのじょしには 「は」「が」「に」「へ」「と」「で」などが あります。 じょしは しょきゅうしゃにとって もっとも むずかしい ぶんぽう
こうもくの ひとつです。 きょうは きほんてきな 「に」と「で」という ふたつの じょしの つかいかたを べんきょうしましょう!
For beginners, particles are one of the most difficult part about learning Japanese. Today, let’s learn how to use the particles “ni” & “de.”
■ Joshi “ni” / じょし「に」 = Place + Particles “ni”
つかいかた tsukaikata (usage) | れいぶん reibun (example sentences) | |
① direction | to (place) | watashi wa ashita Hawai ni iki-masu. |
I will go to Hawaii tomorrow. | ||
kyonen Nihon ni ki-mashita. | ||
I came to Japan last year. | ||
densha de uchi ni kaeri-masu. | ||
I go home by train. | ||
3ji ni kuukoo ni tsuki-masu. | ||
We will arrive at the airport at 3:00pm. | ||
itsu Fuji-san ni nobori-mashita ka? | ||
When did you climb Mt.Fuij? | ||
②existence | in/at (place,things) | ashita no gogo uchi ni i-masu. |
I will be at home tomorrow afternoon. | ||
watashi wa 1 nen gurai Nihon ni i-masu. | ||
I have been in Japan for about one year. | ||
Tanaka san wa kaigishitsu ni i-masu. | ||
Tanaka is in the meeting room. | ||
Tai de Oriental hotel ni tomari-mashita. | ||
I stayed at Oriental Hotel in Thailand. | ||
niwa ni ookii ki ga ari-masu. | ||
There is a big tree in my garden. | ||
Yamada san wa Tokyo ni sunde-imasu. | ||
Mr. Yamada lives in Tokyo. | ||
③ direct contact | on (place, object) | kare wa isu ni suwatte-imasu. |
He is sitting on (in) the chair. | ||
Ebisu eki de densha ni nori-masu. | ||
I got on a train at Ebisu station. ※ nori-masu = get on, take a train | ||
kyonen Hokkaidoo de uma ni nori-mashita. | ||
I rode a horse in Hokkaido last year. | ||
watashi no beddo no ue ni kaban o okanaide-kudasai. | ||
Please don’t put your bag on my bed. |
■ Joshi”de” / じょし「で」 = Place + Particles “de”
つかいかた tsukaikata (usage) | れいぶん reibun (example sentences) | |
① the place where an action takes place | in, at(place) | watashi wa yoku uchi de terebi o mi-masu. |
I often watch TV at home. | ||
doko de sono kaban o kai-mashita ka? | ||
Where did you buy that bag? | ||
watashi wa kuni de Nihon-go o benkyoo shimashita. | ||
I studied Japanese in my country. | ||
② the place where an event takes place | in, at (place) | ashita John san no uchi de paatii ga ari-masu. |
There is a party at John’t house tomorrow. | ||
2020 nen ni Tokyo de orinpikku ga ari-masu. | ||
The Olympic games will take place in Tokyo 2020. | ||
ashita Ookura hotel de kaigi ga ari-masu. | ||
Tomorrow, we will have a conference in Okura hotel. |
■ renshuu shimashoo ! (れんしゅう)しましょう!
Which is correct, ni or de? Fill in the blanks with appropriate particles.
Dochira ga tadashii desu ka, “ni” desu ka, “de” desu ka?
※ See answers (at the bottom of this page)
① We will have (There will be )a soccer game in Okinawa next February.
rainen no 2gatsu ni ( ) sakkaa no shiai ga ari-masu.
らいねんの2がつに おきなわ( ) サッカーの しあいが あります。
rainen no 2 gatsu ni okinawa ( ) sakkaa no shiai ga ari-masu.
② I rode a bicycle last Sunday.
senshuu no nichiyoobi ni jitensha ( ) nori-mashita.
せんしゅうの にちようびに じてんしゃ ( ) のりました。
③ Let’s climb Mt. Fuij next Sunday.
kondo no nichiyoobi ni issho ni Fujisan ( ) nobori-mashoo!
こんどのにちようびに いっしょに ふじさん ( ) のぼりましょう!
④ I went to an Italian restaurant with my friend yesterday.
Kinoo tomodachi to itarian resutoran ( ) iki-mashita.
きのう ともだちと イタリアンレストラン ( ) いきました。
⑤ I had a lot of beer at a bar in Shibuya last Saturday.
sensshuu no doyoobi Shibuya no ba ( ) biiru o takusan nomi-mashita.
せんしゅうのどようび しぶやのバー ( ) ビールを たくさん のみました。
⑥ My parents live in Hawaii.
watashi no ryooshin wa Hawaii ( ) sunde imasu.
わたしの りょうしんは ハワイ ( ) すんでいます。
⑦ Please don’t sit on my bed.
watashi no beddo ( ) suwaranai de kudasai.
わたしの ベッド ( ) すわらないでください。
⑧ The next football world cup will be held in Brazil.
tsugi no sakkaa waarudo kappu wa Burajiru ( ) ari-masu.
つぎの サッカーワールドカップは ブラジル ( ) あります。
⑨ I watched a movie at a cinema in Roppongi.
ototoi Ropongi no eigakan ( ) eiga o mi-mashita.
おととい ろっぽんぎの えいがかん ( ) えいがを みました。
⑩ Yesterday, I stayed at my friend’s house.
kinoo tomodachi no uchi ( ) tomari-mashita.
きのう ともだちのうち ( ) とまりました。
■ Kotae (こたえ) Answer
① で(de) ② に(ni) ③ に(ni) ④ に (ni) ⑤ で(de)
⑥ に(ni) ⑦ に(ni) ⑧ で(de) ⑨ で(de) ⑩ に(ni)